Sources and references

The CLLD version of RefLex contains separate tabs for sources and references. Sources are more numerous than references (1,432 vs. 283) because a source corresponds to the data of one language in one reference. For instance, there are five sources for Wolof.

Sources for Wolof correspond to five different references. But references can correspond to several sources. Let’s take Koelle 1963 [1854] as an example. This is a comparative wordlist that contains lexical data of 200 African languages. This means that one reference Koelle 1963 [1854] corresponds to 200 different sources.

Parts of speech

In the Lexical records tab, original word forms and unified parts of speech tags are indicated. Abbreviations that are used are the following:

• adj – adjective
• adp – adposition
• adv – adverb
• cl – class marker
• conj – conjunction
• conn – connective
• cop – copula
• dem – demonstrative
• det – determiner
• exp – expression or small sentence ('yes', 'no', 'thank you', etc.)
• gr – grammatical element
• id – ideophone
• int – interrogative element / morpheme / pronoun
• interj – interjection
• loc – locative adverb
• loc temp – locative and temporal adverb
• N – noun
• Nc – composite noun
• Np – proper noun
• Npl – plural noun
• num – numeral
• onom – onomatopoeia
• part – particle
• postp – postposition
• pr – (personal) pronoun / index
• prep – preposition
• qlt – qualitative lexeme
• qnt – quantitative lexeme
• rel – relativizer
• temp – temporal adverb
• V – verb
• var – variant
• Vaux – auxiliary verb
• Vc – composite verbs
• Vd – derived verb
• ? – unclear
• > – reference entry